CNC lathe tool holder is one of the important components of CNC lathe. The tool holder is the execution part that directly completes the cutting process. According to the different tool changing methods, the tool holder system of the CNC lathe mainly has various forms such as a rotary tool holder, a row tool holder and an automatic tool change device with a tool magazine.
The rotary tool holder is the most commonly used tool change tool holder for CNC lathes. The automatic tool change action of the machine tool can be realized by the rotary indexing positioning of the tool holder. According to the processing requirements, it can be designed as a square, hexagonal tool holder or disc knife. Rack and install 4, 6 or more tool holders accordingly. The tool change action of the rotary tool holder can be divided into several steps such as tool holder lifting, tool holder indexing and tool holder locking. Its action is completed by the CNC system issuing instructions. The tool holder has the characteristics of simple structure, good work stability, high degree of automation, simple operation, convenient maintenance and wide application range, and has good social and economic benefits.
1 PLC control and realization process 1.1 The indexing principle of the rotary tool holder The automatic rotary tool holder of the CNC lathe has the index change process: when the tool change command of the numerical control system is received, the cutter head is released and the cutter head is rotated to The position required by the command ??? The cutter head is clamped and an index end signal is issued.
In the automatic working state of the machine tool, but after specifying the tool number of the tool change, the number and space system can be judged by internal calculation to realize the tool change of the cutter head nearby, that is, the cutter head can be rotated forward or reversed.
1.2 Control of Rotary Tool Holder Action When the rotary tool changer is changed, the cutter head is first released, then the cutter head is rotated to the specified position, and the cutter is reset and clamped. The clamping and loosening of the cutter head is controlled by a two-position four-way solenoid valve. The rotation of the cutter head has two directions of forward rotation and reverse rotation. It is controlled by a three-position four-way solenoid valve, and its rotation speed is controlled by a speed control valve and a speed control valve, respectively. When the solenoid valve is in the right position, the cutter head is released, the system pressure oil passes through the solenoid valve (left position), the speed control valve, the hydraulic motor, and the tool holder rotates forward. If the system pressure oil passes through the solenoid valve (right position) ??? speed control valve ??? hydraulic motor, the tool holder reverses. When the solenoid valve is in the left position, the cutter head is clamped.
1.3 Rotary tool holder indexing tool change The automatic indexing tool change of the rotary tool holder is realized by PLC sequential control. In the automatic machining process of the machine tool, when a work part needs to change the tool, the T code in the machining program commands the index change of the rotary tool holder. At this time, the PLC outputs the execution signal. First, the electromagnet coil is energized, the cutter head is released, and the cutter clamping confirmation switch is turned off, and the delay is 200ms.
According to the tool number specified by the T code, the cutter head is driven by the hydraulic () motor, and the tool position is changed in the near position. The cutter head is clamped, that is, the one-position change tool change operation of the rotary tool holder is completed.
1.4 Design Requirements There are eight knives on the tool holder. Each knives corresponds to a Hall proximity switch. The tool position detection is performed by the Hall proximity switch. The tool holder can be rotated in the shortcut direction and the tool number is changed according to the required tool number. . Schematic diagram of the tool holder and the Hall proximity switch. Rotary tool holder schematic 1.5 design idea In order to be able to rotate in the direction of the shortcut, the tool is correctly changed according to the required tool number. First, we must judge the direction of the tool holder rotation, and then judge the rotation of several directions.
1) Determine the direction of rotation of the tool holder. Assume that T 0 is the actual tool number and T 1 is the tool number to be changed. Comparing the difference T 1 - T 0" between T 1 and T 0 with half of the total number of knives (here 4), judging positive and negative. That is: when T 1 =T 0, the in-position signal is issued; When T 1 - T 0 ≥ 4, the tool holder rotates clockwise; when T 1 - T 0 < 4, the tool holder rotates counterclockwise.
2) Judging that several tool positions have been turned and the required tool number is reached. When T 1 - T 0 = N, N is the number of rotated tool bits.
1.6 Hardware Design PLC adopts CPM1A type integrated programmable logic controller produced by Omron Company. Its compact structure, strong function and high performance and price ratio.
1.7 Software Design Since the PLC has a wealth of data exchange instructions, it uses data commands to make judgments and comparisons. Channel HR00 stores the actual tool number, channel HR01 stores the tool change number, channel HR02 stores the difference between the tool change number and the actual tool number, and channel HR03 stores the number of rotary tool positions.
1) Compare the values ​​in HR00 and HR01. When HR01-HR00=0, it means that the tool number matches; when HR01-HR00>0, the difference of HR01-HR00 is stored in channel HR02; when HR01-HR00<0, the sum of HR01-HR00+8 The value is stored in channel HR02 because the tool holder has eight knives.
2) According to whether the value stored in HR02 is greater than 4, judge positive and negative. When HR02, the tool holder rotates clockwise, and the difference of 8-HR02 is stored in HR03. When HR02, the tool holder rotates counterclockwise, and the value in HR02 is stored in HR03.
3) Count by the counter to determine the number of rotated knives. The number of rotary knives stored in channel HR03 is used as the counter value of the counter. Since the counter counts the turned position, when the count value is reached, it indicates the end of the tool change. Is its software flow chart.
Software Flow Chart 2 Summary The PLC control tool change program has certain versatility. As long as the total number of tools (here 8) and the total number of tools (here 4) are changed, it can be used for other multi-tool changes. Knife. Flexible application of PLC data function instructions will make the control program more reasonable.
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Jilin HaoChen cleaning Engineering Technology Co., Ltd. is a technological innovation enterprise focusing on the pharmaceutical purification engineering industry. The enterprise has a superb purification engineering technical team and excellent construction force. The company has always pursued the service tenet of "safety first, quality-oriented, customer first and technology first". Many representative air purification projects have been established in Jilin Province, Heilongjiang Province, Liaoning Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. With a registered capital of 5.8 million yuan, the company has grade II qualification for professional contracting of Building Decoration Engineering; Grade II qualification for professional contracting of building electromechanical installation engineering.
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Purification project of pharmaceutical clean workshop (pharmaceutical purification workshop, food purification workshop, electronic and chemical purification workshop, etc.)
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At present, the company has 8 sets (pieces) of various large and medium-sized mechanical equipment, the original value of mechanical purification equipment is 4.6 million yuan, and the net value of mechanical purification equipment is 2.3 million yuan. The total annual construction output value is about 10 million yuan. Our company has 24 registered employees. Among them, there are 15 personnel with professional titles, 7 engineering technicians, 3 senior engineers, 5 engineers and 7 assistant engineers; 2 persons with economic management titles.
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