At present, domestically-manufactured smart water meters can be divided into two categories: pre-paid water meters and remote water meters. The common feature is that the sensors used to measure the water flow still use ordinary water meters. They are installed at a certain position on the water meter's reading plate pointer or gear set. The sensing element converts the mechanical readings of the original water meter into electrical signal data, and then collects, transmits, and stores the data. It automatically or manually controls the requirements of the settlement transaction method. Because their base tables are all speedometers, they are classified as speedometers according to the principle of the water meter. They only improve the reading mode, indicating mechanism, etc., and increase the prepayment and remote readings. Automatic meter reading system functions, and metering mechanisms, transmission methods or mechanical, water meter accuracy (accuracy) level and the general mechanical water meter, are 2.0.
Intelligent water meters apply high-tech electronic and information transmission technologies to water meter manufacturing, to a considerable extent, changing the traditional methods of meter reading and settlement, and raising the level of tap water charges in China. This is a technical advancement of metering and charging for tap water; The promotion and application achieved “first purchase of water and subsequent use of water†and centralized meter reading management, updated the concept of payment for water users, reduced the phenomenon of defaulting on water charges, and meter reading for households, thus reducing the manpower for water meter reading. Material resources; early recovery of water fees, reduction of post-operating personnel, improvement of management efficiency, and water company's operation and management level; and anti-theft performance is better than ordinary water meters, and can fully achieve "pre-paid", "water price ladder" and "water accumulation "Features.
Prepayment meter 1. Concept and principle The prepayment meter is a new type of water meter that uses modern microelectronics technology, modern sensor technology, and intelligent stored-value card technology to measure water consumption and conduct water data transmission and settlement transactions. The traditional mechanical water meter is equipped with an electronic control module and an electronically controlled valve to create a new type of intelligent meter.
The pre-paid water meter is divided into three types: IC card water meter, TM card water meter, and code water meter according to stored-value card technology, commonly known as card-type water meter.
Second, the work process will contain the amount of money or purchase information into the water meter reader card, after the microprocessor to identify and download the amount, the electronic control valve opens, the user can use normal water; when the user uses water, the amount of water collection device Start collecting the water consumption, convert it into the required electronic signal and supply it to the microprocessor for measurement, and display it on the LCD screen; when the user's water consumption drops to a certain value, the water meter alarm device will automatically perform Corresponding alarm or warning closing valve prompts the user to pay for water by purchasing card; if the amount exceeds the amount of water, the water meter will automatically close the electronically controlled valve, cut off the water supply, insert the paid IC card after the user pays, and automatically open the valve. Water supply.
Third, charging software for the pre-paid water meter charging software countries did not develop guiding standards, are manufacturers based on their own product performance, features developed, and each manufacturer has its own set of mature, stereotyped software. The development of software technology to today, pre-paid meter charging software is a very simple program, the database is not complicated, manufacturers can add their own software, according to the needs of different water companies, add some features, such as statements, acceptance, Audits, bill printing, water pricing, water stagnation, etc., have very low requirements for computer software and hardware systems. They only need Pentium 166 or higher CPU, 64MB or more memory, standard VGA 16-bit color graphics card, Windows 98/me or Windows NT4.0/ Software environments such as 2000/XP and operating systems can meet the requirements of ordinary low-profile home computers and are stable even when running on low-profile computers. Although manufacturers are "committed to each other" in the development of fee-based software, due to the characteristics and level of charges common to domestic water companies, through our analysis of the product technical data of the manufacturers we have mastered, all developers will be charged for pre-paid water meters. The main functions are the same, mainly have the following content:
1. Daily business: opening accounts, issuing cards, recharging water for sale, reporting missing cards, and reloading meter functions;
2. Operator authority setting function: In the person who needs to contact management software, by setting different permission to use, restricting certain operations that may cause harm to the normal use of the system, or illegally managing important information such as information and user records Modify, delete.
3, water analysis function: according to the date, the user water purchase situation for water analysis;
4, data browsing and query functions: user inquiries, recharge queries, fill card queries, change table queries, read card queries;
5, ticket setting printing function: different software users, the use of water sales invoices (receipts) in the format, content and other aspects will have different requirements, management software can be based on the actual situation, by the software operator to print the invoice situation modify.
6, data summary and analysis functions, suspicious user monitoring function: the operator can freely set the summary of the query method, the summary of the time range, and can generate the details of the report as needed. For example, the list of users whose cumulative number of magnetic disturbances is not zero; analysis of the user's latest purchase of water (lists of users who have recently recharged the number of charges from today in descending order. Users who have not recharged for a long time may be problem users); recent purchases of water meters have abnormal status Analysis of the situation (lists show users with low battery water level in the user's water meter and failure of the valve); automatic selection and aggregation of suspicious users whose water purchase conditions are not in conformity with common sense, and prepare a list of “suspicious users†for managers' reference.
7. Statistical report: Statistics are performed on the recharge data, and the data in the returned water meter is analyzed.
8. Backup and restore: For the safety of the system, the operator is required to perform the backup operation periodically. If an accident occurs, performing a recovery can restore the backed up data.
9, step water price function: set the water price of different ladders, can automatically calculate the amount of step water charges;
10, the amount of water accumulation function;
Here we need to make a few explanations about the realization of the function of “step water priceâ€. The price of ladder water is a new charging method proposed in recent years with the development of "one household, one watch," and domestic smart meter manufacturers have also advertised their products to realize the price of water in the ladder. Indeed, the use of smart pre-paid water meters is Fully able to achieve the ladder water price function, but it must be the software and the charging meter has a ladder water price function at the same time in order to calculate the water price of the ladder users, the lack of a condition can not achieve the function of the ladder water price.
Because the software program that can realize the ladder water price function is very simple, smart water meter manufacturers can solve it. The smart meter without ladder water price function that has been installed and used currently needs to replace the fee collection software and the charge meter in order to realize the step water price function.
The water level meter on the ladder shows the “used amount and remaining amount†on the LCD display, and the non-stepped water price meter shows “the amount of water used (m3)â€. If the ladder water price meter does not need to use the ladder function, set all the ladders. As a parameter.
In China, we have developed a water meter with metered price function and charging system. We have seen three manufacturers of Shenzhen Dong Xiaoda Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Huali Instrument Group Co., Ltd. and Beijing Jinhui Water Conservancy Technology Co., Ltd. because of technology. Not complicated, other manufacturers have the ability to develop.
There are only two kinds of calibers for smart prepaid water meters: DN15 and DN20
Fourth, the IC card water meter from the above pre-paid water meter schematic, if the stored-value card is an IC card, this meter is the IC card water meter. It consists of a base meter, a power supply (battery), an IC card reader/writer, an LCD communication interface, a display, a microcomputer control module, a valve control mechanism, and a peaking alarm device.
The base table can use a rotor type water meter (wet or dry type) or a volumetric water meter. Currently, most domestic manufacturers use a rotor type water meter as the base sheet of the IC card water meter. The sensor is mounted on the reading plate or in the counter gear set.
The IC card reader is divided into card type and inductive type. The card type is the same as the magnetic card, and it can be easily and conveniently inserted, but the contact surface of the card is easy to wear, and the card holder is easily exposed to the wet environment and human attacks. However, with the development of IC card technology, the technology is mature, and the moisture and The attack problem has been improved. Most domestic IC card water meter manufacturers use this type of IC card reader. Inductive IC card, also known as radio frequency card, commonly known as non-contact IC card, manufacturers use this method is not much.
The power supply uses a built-in lithium battery and an ordinary alkaline dry battery pack. Lithium batteries have high energy, low self-leakage, and long life. Current IC card water meters use lithium batteries for power supply. The battery power (life) is a crucial performance indicator for the use of intelligent pre-paid water meters, and should be highly valued when used.
At present, the electronic control valves of domestic IC card water meters mainly include ball valves, ceramic valves and diaphragm valves. Ball valve due to the required driving torque, due to scaling or wear in use, it is prone to leakage, switch failure and other issues, the domestic IC card water meter using more of these valves, in the use of the most problems. Ceramic valves have long service life, high switch reliability, low pressure loss, and are not susceptible to scaling during use. Because of their patented products, there are only a handful of manufacturers who can use this valve in domestic IC card water meters. Diaphragm valves are not used much by manufacturers because of their high cost. IC card water meter valves are also a crucial performance indicator in use.
Another important performance indicator of the IC card water meter is the adoption of the main chip of the card and the electric control module. There are two kinds of IC card cards, namely logic encryption card and CPU card. Logical encryption card is simple in design and low in cost, but it is low in security and easy to be decrypted and copied. It is mainly used in the stand-alone IC card charging system; the CPU card has a large capacity and is highly safe as the medium for IC card water meter information transmission. Due to the use of the 3DES algorithm to ensure the security of the system, it is not easy to be decrypted and copied. The online IC card charging system uses this card. The quality performance of the main chip of the electronic control module (ie, the microprocessor in the schematic diagram) determines the reliability and stability of the water collection, processing, display, and data preservation of the IC card water meter.
5. TM Water Meter TM Water Meter is a kind of prepaid water meter that was developed earlier in the country. There are not many manufacturers. The smart water meter currently used by our company is this one.
The TM card is an exclusive data exchange card independently developed by the Dallas company in the United States with independent intellectual property rights. It has a specific shape and read/write device. The interface and read/write equipment and the international standard IC card are also known as IC cards. Not compatible, not universal. In addition to the card form industry in China, only a few industries such as access control systems have applications.
TM card water meter is the use of the iButton information button produced by the Dallas company as a data exchange carrier, as a novel intelligent information carrier, iButton information button contact memory (Touch Memory, TM card), TM card Equivalent to a kind of contact-type IC card, with large data capacity, good security and partition storage (suitable for water, electricity, gas usage in the same card), TM card stainless steel button shell, high mechanical strength, loss prevention performance Okay, and there are many reading and writing.
TM card water meter principle and working process and the main components with the IC card water meter.
Code prepaid water meter code Prepayment water meter, abbreviation code table, is the application of code exchange prepaid data technology on water meter products. A set of deformed data codes is used to represent the data that needs to be transmitted. For example, if the user pre-orders 100m3 of water, after the completion of the payment operation, the management system provides the user with a set of 8 digits (eg, 12345678). After the user types the 8 digits into this code on the keyboard of the code table, the user completes the process. The operation of inputting 100m3 water to the water meter, the electronically controlled valve is opened, and the water meter is supplied with water. The difference between the code table and the IC card water meter and the TM card water meter is that there is a keyboard on the water meter, there is no data transmission carrier (ie, IC card, TM card), and the advantages are obvious in environment adaptability and anti-interference, and the principle and work of the code table. The process and main components are the same as the IC card water meter, and it can be regarded as a non-contact IC card water meter.
VII. There are more than 200 manufacturers of domestic smart pre-paid water meters for manufacturers, which have hindered smart pre-payment to a certain extent due to the differences in the quality of purchasing and electronic parts of R&D and manufacturing of base tables. The popularity of water meters; but with the development and promotion of smart pre-paid water meters for several years, technological progress and maturity, the Ministry of Construction promulgated the CJ/T 133-2001 "IC Card Cold Water Meter" industry standard in 2001, which is prepayment. The first industry standard for water meters played a positive role in the development of the water meters.
In addition to the five leading enterprises, the domestic manufacturers of smart pre-paid water meters do not produce base tables, but purchase them from professional manufacturers of base tables. The quality of the products of the base-list manufacturers determines the quality of their base tables and their strength is strong. Manufacturers with good quality are all purchased from five leading enterprises in water meters. The smart pre-paid water meter manufacturers are mainly engaged in the research and development of the software and the electronic parts of the water meters. In particular, the technologies developed and adopted by manufacturers for the electronic parts determine the differences in technology, product quality and service between them.
VIII. Advantages and Disadvantages of Intelligent Prepayment Meters Advantages: The technology is mature, with the characteristics of prepayment, the realization of the "first buy water, after the use of water," does not require meter reading, will not result in arrears, reducing the water supply company to read the manpower , Material and late operators; anti-theft performance is better than ordinary water meter; can achieve "step water price" and "water capacity" function.
Disadvantages: Since the stored-value card is prepaid, there is no need to read the meter. The monthly water consumption, pipe network leakage and other data of the water company cannot be counted and evaluated; the cost is high, and the periodic inspection, maintenance and replacement costs are high.
Nine, the key technology of smart pre-paid water meter selection Since the base tables of the pre-paid water meters are all products purchased by professional domestic water meter manufacturers, and the mature development of fee-based software, the technology of the following components directly determines the use of pre-paid water meters. Life and quality.
1. The main chip of the electronic control module: It is the core component of collecting, processing, displaying and saving the data of the charging base table, and is also the technical core of the pre-paid water meter, showing the technical and quality level of such water meter. Domestic smart pre-paid water meter manufacturers mostly develop their own main chips according to their own product characteristics and their R&D strength. The quality and technology of the main chip are uneven; there are also large-scale integrated circuits based on Ti of the United States, and the technology is mature. , powerful, stable performance, this technology in the domestic pre-paid water meter manufacturing industry is in a leading position, due to the adoption of this technology, the first in the domestic prepaid industry introduced a card with five watch products, to meet the multi-building multi-table installation and a The owner has multiple housing needs that require a card to operate.
2. Electronically controlled valve: Due to the water quality of the pipe network, the damage to the valve of the water meter is serious, which directly affects the metering of the meter. The selection of the electronically controlled valve must have long life, high reliability of the switch, low pressure loss, and difficulty in use. Scaling, ceramic valves are currently preferred.
3. Working battery: The life cycle of the national civilian water meter is six years. It is required that the power supply battery must be high in energy, low in power consumption, and have a service life of more than six years. The low voltage self-test and protection function should be designed in the water meter, such as a battery. Under pressure, the water meter will automatically prompt and save the data, and delay closing the valve.
4, IC card: CPU card capacity, good stability, high security.
Remote meter 1, concept, principle Remote meter and smart meter reading system are new intelligent water meters that use microelectronic technology, automatic control technology, communication technology and network technology to measure water consumption, and use water data transmission and settlement transactions.
In accordance with the measurement base table and the management center computer system transmission method is divided into remote meter automatic wireless meter reading system and remote water meter wired network automatic meter reading system.
The specifications of the remote water meter: DN15 to DN200 cover all calibers of the water meter.
Second, remote water meter wired network automatic meter reading system The entire system consists of the management center computer system, transmission network, bus network, data concentrator, data collector, remote water meter components, composed as shown below:
Using this method of meter reading, the water meter electronic metering information is sent to a data concentrator through the feeder, several data concentrators and then connected to each other to form a network and then use two methods to collect meter reading data. One is to use a laptop or dedicated meter reading machine to connect to the network to collect data. The second method is to use a modem to connect to the water company management center computer system to read the data through telephone lines, radio stations or network technologies (GPRS, GSM, CDMA). This method has more networked circuits than the radio meter reading system, but it also reduces interference, and the cost is relatively low, the consortium rate is also low, maintenance is relatively easy, it is a relatively easy to implement a program, is now installed everywhere Most of these systems are used.
Remote metering wired network automatic meter reading system mainly through the following four links:
1, the signal conversion link This link is mainly through the sensor to convert the gear's transmission into a switch signal or electrical signal output, the sensor is installed on the meter's reading plate or counter gear set, similar to the intelligent pre-paid water meter, but also the use of ordinary water meter As a base table.
2. The data acquisition and storage link passes through the signals formed by the sensors and is converted into meter data after metering, signal processing, accumulation, etc. and stored dynamically. Waiting for meter reading is accomplished by the data collector.
3. The centralized data communication method of the meter reading section uses handheld computers (or dedicated meter reading machines) on-site meter reading and telephone network, network technology (GPRS, GSM, CDMA), and radio station meter reading. These are the data concentrators of the system. .
(1) On-site meter reading on a handheld computer (or dedicated meter reading machine). Connect the handheld (or dedicated meter reading) communication cable to the data collector's dedicated communication socket (or through the infrared interface) in the field. The meter reading can be completed after a simple operation on a handheld computer (or a dedicated meter reading machine), and hundreds or even thousands of households can be copied at one time. A handheld computer (or dedicated meter reading machine) can be brought back to the company to connect to a company computer to upload meter reading data for charging. This method is currently used more commonly.
(2) Metering by telephone network and radio station. Between the data concentrator and the corporate computer, a modem and a telephone line can be connected or a radio station, so that hundreds of users and even thousands of users can be copied at a time. The telephone network needs to install a smart splitter. The smart splitter identifies the specific signal sent from the incoming party's phone, connects the connection between our computer and the data concentrator, and completes the meter reading; the wireless station reads the meter, when the master station This method can be used when the computer is far away from the concentrator and cannot be dialed by telephone. According to different radio station transmission power, the transmission distance is generally several kilometers to several tens of kilometers. The transmission of this communication method is susceptible to interference by stray waves, resulting in a high bit error rate and reliability.
(3) Network technology is the use of network technology, such as GPRS, GSM, CDMA and other technologies, to connect directly between the master station computer and the concentrator, and to directly read the meter without distance, time limit, safe and reliable, and the transmission speed is fast. The information is accurate and timely, and it can realize online monitoring of the water meter work of each water user. This method will be imperative in the future.
Intelligent water meters apply high-tech electronic and information transmission technologies to water meter manufacturing, to a considerable extent, changing the traditional methods of meter reading and settlement, and raising the level of tap water charges in China. This is a technical advancement of metering and charging for tap water; The promotion and application achieved “first purchase of water and subsequent use of water†and centralized meter reading management, updated the concept of payment for water users, reduced the phenomenon of defaulting on water charges, and meter reading for households, thus reducing the manpower for water meter reading. Material resources; early recovery of water fees, reduction of post-operating personnel, improvement of management efficiency, and water company's operation and management level; and anti-theft performance is better than ordinary water meters, and can fully achieve "pre-paid", "water price ladder" and "water accumulation "Features.
Prepayment meter 1. Concept and principle The prepayment meter is a new type of water meter that uses modern microelectronics technology, modern sensor technology, and intelligent stored-value card technology to measure water consumption and conduct water data transmission and settlement transactions. The traditional mechanical water meter is equipped with an electronic control module and an electronically controlled valve to create a new type of intelligent meter.
The pre-paid water meter is divided into three types: IC card water meter, TM card water meter, and code water meter according to stored-value card technology, commonly known as card-type water meter.
Second, the work process will contain the amount of money or purchase information into the water meter reader card, after the microprocessor to identify and download the amount, the electronic control valve opens, the user can use normal water; when the user uses water, the amount of water collection device Start collecting the water consumption, convert it into the required electronic signal and supply it to the microprocessor for measurement, and display it on the LCD screen; when the user's water consumption drops to a certain value, the water meter alarm device will automatically perform Corresponding alarm or warning closing valve prompts the user to pay for water by purchasing card; if the amount exceeds the amount of water, the water meter will automatically close the electronically controlled valve, cut off the water supply, insert the paid IC card after the user pays, and automatically open the valve. Water supply.
Third, charging software for the pre-paid water meter charging software countries did not develop guiding standards, are manufacturers based on their own product performance, features developed, and each manufacturer has its own set of mature, stereotyped software. The development of software technology to today, pre-paid meter charging software is a very simple program, the database is not complicated, manufacturers can add their own software, according to the needs of different water companies, add some features, such as statements, acceptance, Audits, bill printing, water pricing, water stagnation, etc., have very low requirements for computer software and hardware systems. They only need Pentium 166 or higher CPU, 64MB or more memory, standard VGA 16-bit color graphics card, Windows 98/me or Windows NT4.0/ Software environments such as 2000/XP and operating systems can meet the requirements of ordinary low-profile home computers and are stable even when running on low-profile computers. Although manufacturers are "committed to each other" in the development of fee-based software, due to the characteristics and level of charges common to domestic water companies, through our analysis of the product technical data of the manufacturers we have mastered, all developers will be charged for pre-paid water meters. The main functions are the same, mainly have the following content:
1. Daily business: opening accounts, issuing cards, recharging water for sale, reporting missing cards, and reloading meter functions;
2. Operator authority setting function: In the person who needs to contact management software, by setting different permission to use, restricting certain operations that may cause harm to the normal use of the system, or illegally managing important information such as information and user records Modify, delete.
3, water analysis function: according to the date, the user water purchase situation for water analysis;
4, data browsing and query functions: user inquiries, recharge queries, fill card queries, change table queries, read card queries;
5, ticket setting printing function: different software users, the use of water sales invoices (receipts) in the format, content and other aspects will have different requirements, management software can be based on the actual situation, by the software operator to print the invoice situation modify.
6, data summary and analysis functions, suspicious user monitoring function: the operator can freely set the summary of the query method, the summary of the time range, and can generate the details of the report as needed. For example, the list of users whose cumulative number of magnetic disturbances is not zero; analysis of the user's latest purchase of water (lists of users who have recently recharged the number of charges from today in descending order. Users who have not recharged for a long time may be problem users); recent purchases of water meters have abnormal status Analysis of the situation (lists show users with low battery water level in the user's water meter and failure of the valve); automatic selection and aggregation of suspicious users whose water purchase conditions are not in conformity with common sense, and prepare a list of “suspicious users†for managers' reference.
7. Statistical report: Statistics are performed on the recharge data, and the data in the returned water meter is analyzed.
8. Backup and restore: For the safety of the system, the operator is required to perform the backup operation periodically. If an accident occurs, performing a recovery can restore the backed up data.
9, step water price function: set the water price of different ladders, can automatically calculate the amount of step water charges;
10, the amount of water accumulation function;
Here we need to make a few explanations about the realization of the function of “step water priceâ€. The price of ladder water is a new charging method proposed in recent years with the development of "one household, one watch," and domestic smart meter manufacturers have also advertised their products to realize the price of water in the ladder. Indeed, the use of smart pre-paid water meters is Fully able to achieve the ladder water price function, but it must be the software and the charging meter has a ladder water price function at the same time in order to calculate the water price of the ladder users, the lack of a condition can not achieve the function of the ladder water price.
Because the software program that can realize the ladder water price function is very simple, smart water meter manufacturers can solve it. The smart meter without ladder water price function that has been installed and used currently needs to replace the fee collection software and the charge meter in order to realize the step water price function.
The water level meter on the ladder shows the “used amount and remaining amount†on the LCD display, and the non-stepped water price meter shows “the amount of water used (m3)â€. If the ladder water price meter does not need to use the ladder function, set all the ladders. As a parameter.
In China, we have developed a water meter with metered price function and charging system. We have seen three manufacturers of Shenzhen Dong Xiaoda Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Huali Instrument Group Co., Ltd. and Beijing Jinhui Water Conservancy Technology Co., Ltd. because of technology. Not complicated, other manufacturers have the ability to develop.
There are only two kinds of calibers for smart prepaid water meters: DN15 and DN20
Fourth, the IC card water meter from the above pre-paid water meter schematic, if the stored-value card is an IC card, this meter is the IC card water meter. It consists of a base meter, a power supply (battery), an IC card reader/writer, an LCD communication interface, a display, a microcomputer control module, a valve control mechanism, and a peaking alarm device.
The base table can use a rotor type water meter (wet or dry type) or a volumetric water meter. Currently, most domestic manufacturers use a rotor type water meter as the base sheet of the IC card water meter. The sensor is mounted on the reading plate or in the counter gear set.
The IC card reader is divided into card type and inductive type. The card type is the same as the magnetic card, and it can be easily and conveniently inserted, but the contact surface of the card is easy to wear, and the card holder is easily exposed to the wet environment and human attacks. However, with the development of IC card technology, the technology is mature, and the moisture and The attack problem has been improved. Most domestic IC card water meter manufacturers use this type of IC card reader. Inductive IC card, also known as radio frequency card, commonly known as non-contact IC card, manufacturers use this method is not much.
The power supply uses a built-in lithium battery and an ordinary alkaline dry battery pack. Lithium batteries have high energy, low self-leakage, and long life. Current IC card water meters use lithium batteries for power supply. The battery power (life) is a crucial performance indicator for the use of intelligent pre-paid water meters, and should be highly valued when used.
At present, the electronic control valves of domestic IC card water meters mainly include ball valves, ceramic valves and diaphragm valves. Ball valve due to the required driving torque, due to scaling or wear in use, it is prone to leakage, switch failure and other issues, the domestic IC card water meter using more of these valves, in the use of the most problems. Ceramic valves have long service life, high switch reliability, low pressure loss, and are not susceptible to scaling during use. Because of their patented products, there are only a handful of manufacturers who can use this valve in domestic IC card water meters. Diaphragm valves are not used much by manufacturers because of their high cost. IC card water meter valves are also a crucial performance indicator in use.
Another important performance indicator of the IC card water meter is the adoption of the main chip of the card and the electric control module. There are two kinds of IC card cards, namely logic encryption card and CPU card. Logical encryption card is simple in design and low in cost, but it is low in security and easy to be decrypted and copied. It is mainly used in the stand-alone IC card charging system; the CPU card has a large capacity and is highly safe as the medium for IC card water meter information transmission. Due to the use of the 3DES algorithm to ensure the security of the system, it is not easy to be decrypted and copied. The online IC card charging system uses this card. The quality performance of the main chip of the electronic control module (ie, the microprocessor in the schematic diagram) determines the reliability and stability of the water collection, processing, display, and data preservation of the IC card water meter.
5. TM Water Meter TM Water Meter is a kind of prepaid water meter that was developed earlier in the country. There are not many manufacturers. The smart water meter currently used by our company is this one.
The TM card is an exclusive data exchange card independently developed by the Dallas company in the United States with independent intellectual property rights. It has a specific shape and read/write device. The interface and read/write equipment and the international standard IC card are also known as IC cards. Not compatible, not universal. In addition to the card form industry in China, only a few industries such as access control systems have applications.
TM card water meter is the use of the iButton information button produced by the Dallas company as a data exchange carrier, as a novel intelligent information carrier, iButton information button contact memory (Touch Memory, TM card), TM card Equivalent to a kind of contact-type IC card, with large data capacity, good security and partition storage (suitable for water, electricity, gas usage in the same card), TM card stainless steel button shell, high mechanical strength, loss prevention performance Okay, and there are many reading and writing.
TM card water meter principle and working process and the main components with the IC card water meter.
Code prepaid water meter code Prepayment water meter, abbreviation code table, is the application of code exchange prepaid data technology on water meter products. A set of deformed data codes is used to represent the data that needs to be transmitted. For example, if the user pre-orders 100m3 of water, after the completion of the payment operation, the management system provides the user with a set of 8 digits (eg, 12345678). After the user types the 8 digits into this code on the keyboard of the code table, the user completes the process. The operation of inputting 100m3 water to the water meter, the electronically controlled valve is opened, and the water meter is supplied with water. The difference between the code table and the IC card water meter and the TM card water meter is that there is a keyboard on the water meter, there is no data transmission carrier (ie, IC card, TM card), and the advantages are obvious in environment adaptability and anti-interference, and the principle and work of the code table. The process and main components are the same as the IC card water meter, and it can be regarded as a non-contact IC card water meter.
VII. There are more than 200 manufacturers of domestic smart pre-paid water meters for manufacturers, which have hindered smart pre-payment to a certain extent due to the differences in the quality of purchasing and electronic parts of R&D and manufacturing of base tables. The popularity of water meters; but with the development and promotion of smart pre-paid water meters for several years, technological progress and maturity, the Ministry of Construction promulgated the CJ/T 133-2001 "IC Card Cold Water Meter" industry standard in 2001, which is prepayment. The first industry standard for water meters played a positive role in the development of the water meters.
In addition to the five leading enterprises, the domestic manufacturers of smart pre-paid water meters do not produce base tables, but purchase them from professional manufacturers of base tables. The quality of the products of the base-list manufacturers determines the quality of their base tables and their strength is strong. Manufacturers with good quality are all purchased from five leading enterprises in water meters. The smart pre-paid water meter manufacturers are mainly engaged in the research and development of the software and the electronic parts of the water meters. In particular, the technologies developed and adopted by manufacturers for the electronic parts determine the differences in technology, product quality and service between them.
VIII. Advantages and Disadvantages of Intelligent Prepayment Meters Advantages: The technology is mature, with the characteristics of prepayment, the realization of the "first buy water, after the use of water," does not require meter reading, will not result in arrears, reducing the water supply company to read the manpower , Material and late operators; anti-theft performance is better than ordinary water meter; can achieve "step water price" and "water capacity" function.
Disadvantages: Since the stored-value card is prepaid, there is no need to read the meter. The monthly water consumption, pipe network leakage and other data of the water company cannot be counted and evaluated; the cost is high, and the periodic inspection, maintenance and replacement costs are high.
Nine, the key technology of smart pre-paid water meter selection Since the base tables of the pre-paid water meters are all products purchased by professional domestic water meter manufacturers, and the mature development of fee-based software, the technology of the following components directly determines the use of pre-paid water meters. Life and quality.
1. The main chip of the electronic control module: It is the core component of collecting, processing, displaying and saving the data of the charging base table, and is also the technical core of the pre-paid water meter, showing the technical and quality level of such water meter. Domestic smart pre-paid water meter manufacturers mostly develop their own main chips according to their own product characteristics and their R&D strength. The quality and technology of the main chip are uneven; there are also large-scale integrated circuits based on Ti of the United States, and the technology is mature. , powerful, stable performance, this technology in the domestic pre-paid water meter manufacturing industry is in a leading position, due to the adoption of this technology, the first in the domestic prepaid industry introduced a card with five watch products, to meet the multi-building multi-table installation and a The owner has multiple housing needs that require a card to operate.
2. Electronically controlled valve: Due to the water quality of the pipe network, the damage to the valve of the water meter is serious, which directly affects the metering of the meter. The selection of the electronically controlled valve must have long life, high reliability of the switch, low pressure loss, and difficulty in use. Scaling, ceramic valves are currently preferred.
3. Working battery: The life cycle of the national civilian water meter is six years. It is required that the power supply battery must be high in energy, low in power consumption, and have a service life of more than six years. The low voltage self-test and protection function should be designed in the water meter, such as a battery. Under pressure, the water meter will automatically prompt and save the data, and delay closing the valve.
4, IC card: CPU card capacity, good stability, high security.
Remote meter 1, concept, principle Remote meter and smart meter reading system are new intelligent water meters that use microelectronic technology, automatic control technology, communication technology and network technology to measure water consumption, and use water data transmission and settlement transactions.
In accordance with the measurement base table and the management center computer system transmission method is divided into remote meter automatic wireless meter reading system and remote water meter wired network automatic meter reading system.
The specifications of the remote water meter: DN15 to DN200 cover all calibers of the water meter.
Second, remote water meter wired network automatic meter reading system The entire system consists of the management center computer system, transmission network, bus network, data concentrator, data collector, remote water meter components, composed as shown below:
Using this method of meter reading, the water meter electronic metering information is sent to a data concentrator through the feeder, several data concentrators and then connected to each other to form a network and then use two methods to collect meter reading data. One is to use a laptop or dedicated meter reading machine to connect to the network to collect data. The second method is to use a modem to connect to the water company management center computer system to read the data through telephone lines, radio stations or network technologies (GPRS, GSM, CDMA). This method has more networked circuits than the radio meter reading system, but it also reduces interference, and the cost is relatively low, the consortium rate is also low, maintenance is relatively easy, it is a relatively easy to implement a program, is now installed everywhere Most of these systems are used.
Remote metering wired network automatic meter reading system mainly through the following four links:
1, the signal conversion link This link is mainly through the sensor to convert the gear's transmission into a switch signal or electrical signal output, the sensor is installed on the meter's reading plate or counter gear set, similar to the intelligent pre-paid water meter, but also the use of ordinary water meter As a base table.
2. The data acquisition and storage link passes through the signals formed by the sensors and is converted into meter data after metering, signal processing, accumulation, etc. and stored dynamically. Waiting for meter reading is accomplished by the data collector.
3. The centralized data communication method of the meter reading section uses handheld computers (or dedicated meter reading machines) on-site meter reading and telephone network, network technology (GPRS, GSM, CDMA), and radio station meter reading. These are the data concentrators of the system. .
(1) On-site meter reading on a handheld computer (or dedicated meter reading machine). Connect the handheld (or dedicated meter reading) communication cable to the data collector's dedicated communication socket (or through the infrared interface) in the field. The meter reading can be completed after a simple operation on a handheld computer (or a dedicated meter reading machine), and hundreds or even thousands of households can be copied at one time. A handheld computer (or dedicated meter reading machine) can be brought back to the company to connect to a company computer to upload meter reading data for charging. This method is currently used more commonly.
(2) Metering by telephone network and radio station. Between the data concentrator and the corporate computer, a modem and a telephone line can be connected or a radio station, so that hundreds of users and even thousands of users can be copied at a time. The telephone network needs to install a smart splitter. The smart splitter identifies the specific signal sent from the incoming party's phone, connects the connection between our computer and the data concentrator, and completes the meter reading; the wireless station reads the meter, when the master station This method can be used when the computer is far away from the concentrator and cannot be dialed by telephone. According to different radio station transmission power, the transmission distance is generally several kilometers to several tens of kilometers. The transmission of this communication method is susceptible to interference by stray waves, resulting in a high bit error rate and reliability.
(3) Network technology is the use of network technology, such as GPRS, GSM, CDMA and other technologies, to connect directly between the master station computer and the concentrator, and to directly read the meter without distance, time limit, safe and reliable, and the transmission speed is fast. The information is accurate and timely, and it can realize online monitoring of the water meter work of each water user. This method will be imperative in the future.
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