The development of China's wind power industry has always been constrained by core technologies. The localization of wind turbine manufacturing will undoubtedly bring many benefits. However, today's wind power industry has developed quite maturely. The power generated by the fans is also getting bigger and bigger, and the technology is becoming more and more complex. Under such conditions, for Chinese companies entering the field, there will undoubtedly be huge challenge.
China's wind power companies can not compete with international giants Cai Zhaowen, deputy director of the Development Department of Longyuan Power Group, said that at present, many foreign companies have more than ten years of experience in research and development of wind power, and world-class wind turbine manufacturers are growing through mergers and acquisitions. , Occupy a considerable market share. However, in China, the wind power industry is still a sunrise industry. Most companies involved in the wind turbine industry are small companies, and most of them are private enterprises. Chinese enterprises must eat cakes in the crowded wind power field. The difficulties can be imagined.
According to statistics, currently more than three-fourths of wind turbine products are supplied by the following four major wind turbine manufacturers: Vestas, GE Wind, Enercon, and Gamesa. Each of these four companies has its own characteristics: Vestas and Bonus have established a good business reputation in the world after years of development; Enercon provides its customers with its unique continuously variable-speed fans; GE Wind Energy is attached to the international community. The well-known company, its parent company, General Electric Company, enjoys a high reputation internationally.
In recent years, with the entry of large companies, such as GE, which entered the wind power industry in 2002, and Siemens AG, which entered the wind power industry in October 2004, wind power companies have become more and more powerful. Other companies have strengthened their capabilities through mergers and acquisitions, such as Vestas Denmark and NEG Micon, both of which ranked first and second respectively in global market share. The two companies merged at the end of 2003. The two largest wind turbine manufacturers in Spain, Gamesa Corporation and Made Corporation, also completed the merger at the end of 2003. Therefore, the weak wind power companies in China cannot compete with these big companies with strong strength and high reputation in the industry.
Yang Fuqiang, an advisor to the China Chapter of the US Energy Foundation, pointed out that a variety of reasons have caused wind power companies to strengthen their own strength. The most critical reason is that wind power requires a lot of up-front investment, and whether these investment costs can be recovered smoothly. It depends on whether the wind turbine has a long service life; on the other hand, it also depends on reducing the extra operating and maintenance costs as much as possible. Some large-scale wind power companies, such as General Electric of the United States and Siemens of Germany, with their high prestige and strong financial strength, can provide customers with confidence and long-term service guarantees, thus greatly reducing the risk of investing in wind power. This is particularly worthy of our country's wind power business learning.
Continuing advances in technology have increased the gap between strengths and weaknesses. Currently, factors driving technological advancement in the wind power industry include the expectation of developing large onshore and offshore wind turbine technology, reducing costs, increasing efficiency, and improving interference with the power grid. Shen Pengfei, vice chairman of the China Wind Energy Association, pointed out that these ever-evolving technologies also set new barriers for Chinese companies entering the field, and they must strive to achieve advanced technology from the very beginning. In this case, it is necessary to consider whether to compete with a mature technology model or to find another competitive advantage. As a result, the enterprises that entered later can only stay in the catch-up phase. It is very difficult to surpass or obtain major technological breakthroughs. As a result, the gap between strengths and weaknesses increases.
In addition, if the government introduced policies to support the use of advanced technology products, and these products can only be produced abroad, then such a policy will undoubtedly set an obstacle for the fan localization industry. For example, if the policy mandates the use of the best and most mature wind power technology in the world and domestic products are of the same type, the level of technology cannot be compared with that of foreign products. Such a policy will cause local producers to lose market.
The lack of skilled workers and scientific and technological personnel is another major obstacle to the localization of wind turbines in China. Li Baoshan, Director of the Energy and Transportation Division of the High-tech Division of the Ministry of Science and Technology pointed out that the establishment of a new wind turbine production enterprise in a country that lacks wind turbine production experience will entail the heavy responsibility of wind power technology development. Manufacturers will either manufacture their own products or import them. All parts of the entire wind power system. In addition, in order to ensure timely maintenance, spare parts must be prepared and skilled technicians should be responsible for maintenance. However, at present, wind power companies in China are extremely lacking in well-trained skilled workers and scientific and technical personnel.
Intellectual property issues hinder China from introducing advanced technologies For new companies, introducing technology directly from foreign advanced manufacturers is the best way to obtain advanced technology and start production as soon as possible. China’s wind power companies have been “innovating, absorbing, and re-innovating†these years. "The way.
Wang Zhongying, director of the National Development and Reform Commission's Center for Renewable Energy Development, pointed out that those foreign well-known wind turbine manufacturers actually have concerns that they may develop their own competitors. Therefore, the current situation is that China's wind turbine manufacturers can only purchase technology from second- or third-stream wind power companies. Although buyers pay high technology transfer fees, intellectual property rights still belong to the seller.
In addition, in order to prevent potential trade barriers between members, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has established strict trade regulations. In order to encourage the import of parts and components for wind turbines, some countries have raised the tax rate for imported machine systems. These practices are setting up trade barriers. Experts pointed out that the legitimacy of such trade protectionist policies is still an urgent issue to be resolved.
The new policy to promote the rapid development of the wind power industry in the face of severe challenges, China's relevant departments issued a series of policies and regulations to promote the development of the country's wind power industry. In the preliminary completed "Long-Term Development Plan for Renewable Energy," it is required that China's wind power equipment reach a certain localization rate in the future. Such a policy will allow wind turbine manufacturers entering the local market to either shift their production bases locally or purchase the components needed by local wind turbines. Experts pointed out that the requirement for domestic wind turbines to be used in wind farms is a direct way to promote the localization of wind turbines.
The most fundamental way to improve the quality and credit rating of new wind turbines is to integrate them into the certification and testing systems that are in line with international standards. There are many international standards for wind turbines currently in use, and the most commonly used is the Danish certification system and the ISO 9000 certification system. Standards can help increase users’ confidence in products they are unfamiliar with, and they can also help users identify product strengths and weaknesses. Successful adoption of these internationally accepted certifications is crucial for the product's entry into the international market.
On March 21 this year, Beijing Competence Certification Center and British Garrad Hassan signed a strategic cooperation agreement in Beijing. According to the agreement, the two parties will cooperate in standards, testing, certification and other aspects of the wind energy industry to jointly promote the healthy and rapid development of the Chinese wind energy industry. It is reported that the Beijing Jian Heng Certification Center is the only one authorized by the State Certification and Accreditation Administration of the People's Republic of China with the approval of the China National Certification and Accreditation Administration. It is currently the only one authorized by the CNCA to engage in the certification and standardization of renewable energy products such as wind power products, solar water heaters and solar cells. Research agency. It is hoped that such international cooperation can provide high-quality services for the wind energy industry in China, thereby contributing to the continuous improvement of the technological level of China's wind power industry, realizing the localization of wind power generation equipment and reducing the cost of wind power generation.
Not long ago, a report released by the China Energy Foundation's China Branch on "Promoting the Development of Wind Power Industry International Experience" pointed out that policies and measures to support the development of the wind power industry can be divided into two categories: direct and indirect policy measures. Direct policy measures include the encouragement of the use of local products, tariff incentives, tax incentives, export assistance programs, research and development, and demonstration projects. Indirect policies include the establishment of mandatory renewable energy targets, government auction or concession policies, and fiscal incentive policies. Establish a green electricity market. The report believes that if China wants to promote the development of the wind power industry and improve the localization of wind turbine manufacturing, it must also make full use of these direct and indirect policy measures.
China's wind power companies can not compete with international giants Cai Zhaowen, deputy director of the Development Department of Longyuan Power Group, said that at present, many foreign companies have more than ten years of experience in research and development of wind power, and world-class wind turbine manufacturers are growing through mergers and acquisitions. , Occupy a considerable market share. However, in China, the wind power industry is still a sunrise industry. Most companies involved in the wind turbine industry are small companies, and most of them are private enterprises. Chinese enterprises must eat cakes in the crowded wind power field. The difficulties can be imagined.
According to statistics, currently more than three-fourths of wind turbine products are supplied by the following four major wind turbine manufacturers: Vestas, GE Wind, Enercon, and Gamesa. Each of these four companies has its own characteristics: Vestas and Bonus have established a good business reputation in the world after years of development; Enercon provides its customers with its unique continuously variable-speed fans; GE Wind Energy is attached to the international community. The well-known company, its parent company, General Electric Company, enjoys a high reputation internationally.
In recent years, with the entry of large companies, such as GE, which entered the wind power industry in 2002, and Siemens AG, which entered the wind power industry in October 2004, wind power companies have become more and more powerful. Other companies have strengthened their capabilities through mergers and acquisitions, such as Vestas Denmark and NEG Micon, both of which ranked first and second respectively in global market share. The two companies merged at the end of 2003. The two largest wind turbine manufacturers in Spain, Gamesa Corporation and Made Corporation, also completed the merger at the end of 2003. Therefore, the weak wind power companies in China cannot compete with these big companies with strong strength and high reputation in the industry.
Yang Fuqiang, an advisor to the China Chapter of the US Energy Foundation, pointed out that a variety of reasons have caused wind power companies to strengthen their own strength. The most critical reason is that wind power requires a lot of up-front investment, and whether these investment costs can be recovered smoothly. It depends on whether the wind turbine has a long service life; on the other hand, it also depends on reducing the extra operating and maintenance costs as much as possible. Some large-scale wind power companies, such as General Electric of the United States and Siemens of Germany, with their high prestige and strong financial strength, can provide customers with confidence and long-term service guarantees, thus greatly reducing the risk of investing in wind power. This is particularly worthy of our country's wind power business learning.
Continuing advances in technology have increased the gap between strengths and weaknesses. Currently, factors driving technological advancement in the wind power industry include the expectation of developing large onshore and offshore wind turbine technology, reducing costs, increasing efficiency, and improving interference with the power grid. Shen Pengfei, vice chairman of the China Wind Energy Association, pointed out that these ever-evolving technologies also set new barriers for Chinese companies entering the field, and they must strive to achieve advanced technology from the very beginning. In this case, it is necessary to consider whether to compete with a mature technology model or to find another competitive advantage. As a result, the enterprises that entered later can only stay in the catch-up phase. It is very difficult to surpass or obtain major technological breakthroughs. As a result, the gap between strengths and weaknesses increases.
In addition, if the government introduced policies to support the use of advanced technology products, and these products can only be produced abroad, then such a policy will undoubtedly set an obstacle for the fan localization industry. For example, if the policy mandates the use of the best and most mature wind power technology in the world and domestic products are of the same type, the level of technology cannot be compared with that of foreign products. Such a policy will cause local producers to lose market.
The lack of skilled workers and scientific and technological personnel is another major obstacle to the localization of wind turbines in China. Li Baoshan, Director of the Energy and Transportation Division of the High-tech Division of the Ministry of Science and Technology pointed out that the establishment of a new wind turbine production enterprise in a country that lacks wind turbine production experience will entail the heavy responsibility of wind power technology development. Manufacturers will either manufacture their own products or import them. All parts of the entire wind power system. In addition, in order to ensure timely maintenance, spare parts must be prepared and skilled technicians should be responsible for maintenance. However, at present, wind power companies in China are extremely lacking in well-trained skilled workers and scientific and technical personnel.
Intellectual property issues hinder China from introducing advanced technologies For new companies, introducing technology directly from foreign advanced manufacturers is the best way to obtain advanced technology and start production as soon as possible. China’s wind power companies have been “innovating, absorbing, and re-innovating†these years. "The way.
Wang Zhongying, director of the National Development and Reform Commission's Center for Renewable Energy Development, pointed out that those foreign well-known wind turbine manufacturers actually have concerns that they may develop their own competitors. Therefore, the current situation is that China's wind turbine manufacturers can only purchase technology from second- or third-stream wind power companies. Although buyers pay high technology transfer fees, intellectual property rights still belong to the seller.
In addition, in order to prevent potential trade barriers between members, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has established strict trade regulations. In order to encourage the import of parts and components for wind turbines, some countries have raised the tax rate for imported machine systems. These practices are setting up trade barriers. Experts pointed out that the legitimacy of such trade protectionist policies is still an urgent issue to be resolved.
The new policy to promote the rapid development of the wind power industry in the face of severe challenges, China's relevant departments issued a series of policies and regulations to promote the development of the country's wind power industry. In the preliminary completed "Long-Term Development Plan for Renewable Energy," it is required that China's wind power equipment reach a certain localization rate in the future. Such a policy will allow wind turbine manufacturers entering the local market to either shift their production bases locally or purchase the components needed by local wind turbines. Experts pointed out that the requirement for domestic wind turbines to be used in wind farms is a direct way to promote the localization of wind turbines.
The most fundamental way to improve the quality and credit rating of new wind turbines is to integrate them into the certification and testing systems that are in line with international standards. There are many international standards for wind turbines currently in use, and the most commonly used is the Danish certification system and the ISO 9000 certification system. Standards can help increase users’ confidence in products they are unfamiliar with, and they can also help users identify product strengths and weaknesses. Successful adoption of these internationally accepted certifications is crucial for the product's entry into the international market.
On March 21 this year, Beijing Competence Certification Center and British Garrad Hassan signed a strategic cooperation agreement in Beijing. According to the agreement, the two parties will cooperate in standards, testing, certification and other aspects of the wind energy industry to jointly promote the healthy and rapid development of the Chinese wind energy industry. It is reported that the Beijing Jian Heng Certification Center is the only one authorized by the State Certification and Accreditation Administration of the People's Republic of China with the approval of the China National Certification and Accreditation Administration. It is currently the only one authorized by the CNCA to engage in the certification and standardization of renewable energy products such as wind power products, solar water heaters and solar cells. Research agency. It is hoped that such international cooperation can provide high-quality services for the wind energy industry in China, thereby contributing to the continuous improvement of the technological level of China's wind power industry, realizing the localization of wind power generation equipment and reducing the cost of wind power generation.
Not long ago, a report released by the China Energy Foundation's China Branch on "Promoting the Development of Wind Power Industry International Experience" pointed out that policies and measures to support the development of the wind power industry can be divided into two categories: direct and indirect policy measures. Direct policy measures include the encouragement of the use of local products, tariff incentives, tax incentives, export assistance programs, research and development, and demonstration projects. Indirect policies include the establishment of mandatory renewable energy targets, government auction or concession policies, and fiscal incentive policies. Establish a green electricity market. The report believes that if China wants to promote the development of the wind power industry and improve the localization of wind turbine manufacturing, it must also make full use of these direct and indirect policy measures.
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