(1) Development: Minefield development is to dig a series of wells and tunnels from the surface to reach the ore body, so that the ground and underground constitute a complete lifting, transportation, ventilation, drainage, water supply, power supply, gas supply (pressure air power), filling system (commonly known as the mine eight systems), in order to send personnel, materials, equipment, filling, power and fresh air to the underground, and to transport and exclude underground ore, waste rock, wastewater and dirty air to the surface. The roadways that are boring for this purpose are called open roadways or basic roadways, including main roadways and auxiliary roadways. The former refers to the development wells that mainly promote the transportation (ore), such as the main well, the main level, the main slope; the latter refers to other auxiliary lifting transportation (personnel, materials, equipment and waste rock), ventilation, Drainage, filling and other functions of the development of wells and other pioneering roadways, such as Shimen (connecting wellbore and main transport lanes), main filling wells, main slip mines, downhole yards, dedicated diverticulum and main transport lanes.
(2) Alignment and cutting: In the ore body that has completed the pioneering work, the necessary roadway engineering is divided into the mining unit, and the work of solving the problems of pedestrian, ventilation, transportation and filling of the mining unit is called mining; In the mining unit that completes the mining work, the work of boring the cutting patio (the vertical or inclined wellbore with outlets at both ends) and cutting the roadway, and forming the necessary recovery space is called cutting. The mining and cutting are closely related to the mining method used and will be described in detail later in conjunction with various mining methods.
Measure the size of the amount of cutting work, commonly used to find the ratio of cutting, referred to as the cutting ratio. The mining ratio K refers to the engineering quantity of the mining cutting roadway that is required to be excavated for each 1000t (or 10000t) ore. It is also called the thousand-ton cutting ratio or the 10,000-ton cutting ratio. The unit is m/kt, m. 3 / kt, m / 10,000 t, m 3 / 10,000 t, the expression is:
K≤L/T                             Â
Where: L —the total engineering quantity of the cutting roadway in the mining unit, m or m 3 ;
T — The total amount of ore mined in the recovery unit, kt or 10,000 t.
Due to different cross-section specifications of various roadways, such as the calculation of the cutting ratio by the length of the cutting roadway, for comparison, various roadways are sometimes converted into 2×2 m 2 standard sections to find the equivalent length, which is called the standard meter length. Correspondingly, the determined ratio of the cutting ratio is: standard m/kt or standard m/million.
(3) Mining: In the mining unit that completes the cutting work, the process of carrying out a large number of mining operations, called mining, includes rock drilling, blasting, ventilation, ore transportation, and ground pressure management. The mining method is different, and the content of the mining process is not exactly the same.
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