1 Strengthening exploration and prospecting of tungsten resources, increasing the amount of replacement resources, and maintaining the advantages of tungsten resources in China
China's high-quality hydrothermal quartz vein type wolframite resources have been consumed in large quantities, and the same type of replacement resources is insufficient. This type of resource advantage is not optimistic; skarn-type scheelite resources are large, but many of these resources have lower grades. The associated valuable elements are diverse, the required mineral processing technology and level are high, and the comprehensive utilization of resources is difficult; some associated tungsten resources have low grades, tungsten minerals have fine grain size, and tungsten recovery rate is low. In view of the above-mentioned domestic tungsten resource situation, it is proposed to strengthen the exploration and prospecting work of tungsten resources, increase the amount of tungsten replacement resources, and maintain the advantage of China's tungsten resources.
2 Improve the level of mineral processing equipment and automation
High-efficiency grinding, re-election and grading equipment to avoid excessive pulverization of tungsten during grinding, reduce the generation of fine-grained tungsten from the root source, and improve the recovery rate of tungsten. The automatic detection and control of the mineral processing process is not only to save labor, but more importantly, it is conducive to stable production operations and process optimization to improve the economic indicators and labor productivity of mineral processing technology. High-efficiency grinding, re-election and automation equipment are widely used in foreign countries. For example, the Nielsen concentrator has been well applied in the tailings treatment of the Panasquiera tungsten mine in Portugal and the Canton tungsten deposit in the North American tungsten industry.
Although the foreign tungsten ore dressing plant has not achieved full automation, it is more common to implement instrumentation and automation of key parts. Application of foreign tungsten ore dressing plant in mineral processing from 3 mineral processing combined process
Our non-ferrous metal mineral resources in less high-grade ore, lean ore and more; less coarse particles, fine particles and more; less single mine Ore and more. In order to make full use of these "lean, fine, and miscellaneous" mineral resources and achieve sustainable development of the mining industry, the beneficiation process must be carried out from a single gravity beneficiation to a combination of heavy, floating, magnetic, electric, heavy medium pre-selection and other mineral processing technologies. The joint process of metallurgy and so on. From the recovery of a single tungsten concentrate product to the comprehensive recovery of a variety of useful concentrate products.
According to the data, the recovery level of black tungsten ore in China's large black tungsten mine is higher than that of foreign tungsten mines, but the recovery rate of scheelite is somewhat different from that of foreign tungsten mines. This aspect is due to the high quality of foreign scheelite resources, the high grade of ore and the easy selection of ore. On the other hand, the recovery of scheelite from abroad uses a combined process of smelting and smelting, using low-grade concentrates and then chemical treatment. To produce synthetic white tungsten or ammonium paratungstate, which can ensure higher metal recovery rate and achieve greater economic benefits.
Using the combined process of smelting and smelting, the ore dressing only produces low grade concentrate (WO315%~30%), and the recovery rate of ore dressing can be as high as 90%~95%. For example, the Austrian Mittel Hill Concentrator uses a flotation-water and metallurgical combined process to produce 30% scheelite concentrate from the flotation of scheelite ore with an ore grade of 0.7-0.8% WO3. The ore recovery rate is as high as 95%. The concentrate is then treated with sodium soda tungstate by a soda high pressure leaching process, and the total recovery rate of the metallurgical process is 90% to 93%. With the increasing exploitation of tungsten ore resources, the tungsten ore deposits in China have been decreasing year by year, the size of the inlays is finer, and the ore composition is more complicated. The enrichment ratio from raw ore to concentrate is generally between 40 and 300. Not only increased the processing cost of mineral processing, but also increased the difficulty of mineral processing. In order to improve the overall recovery rate of tungsten, the use of the combined process of metallurgy and metallurgy has become the development trend of tungsten ore dressing.
4 Application of fine particle dressing technology
Tungsten ore is brittle and easy to be pulverized. Therefore, fine-grain beneficiation technology has more extraordinary significance for tungsten ore beneficiation. Fine-grained technology mainly includes hydrophobic agglomeration and high-molecular flocculation. At present, more researches at home and abroad are hydrophobic cluster sorting, including three branches: carrier flotation, shear flocculation flotation and oil agglomeration flotation. Carrier flotation refers to the addition of a coarse-grained carrier to the fine-grained slurry to adhere the fine-grained target mineral to the coarse-grained carrier under the action of a selective surfactant and a shearing force field to form a hydrophobic agglomerate on the surface, and then Separation by conventional flotation; carrier flotation has many influencing factors, including geometric, physical and chemical factors. The shear flocculation flotation process is a new process of fine-grain beneficiation. It has been paid attention to by the majority of mineral processing workers since its inception. It was first used in the Yxsjoberg plant in Sweden and achieved remarkable results. Warren believes that shear flocculation flotation is a kind of A method of collecting fine particles suspended in a surfactant solution by applying sufficient shearing force and then sorting; the factors affecting shear flocculation flotation mainly include particle size, surface electrical properties, hydrophobicity, Stirring speed and time, slurry concentration, the geometry and size of the agitating tank and the stirring impeller. The process of oil agglomeration flotation is to first finely grind the ore, dissociate the target mineral monomer, and then use the adjusting agent and the collector to treat the slurry, so that the target mineral is selectively hydrophobic, and the non-polar oil is added in the shear force field. The oil-coated particles adhere to each other and form pellets, and then the pellets are separated from the hydrophilic particles still in a dispersed state by a flotation method, or the pellets are separated by sieving.
5 Application of high-efficiency beneficiation agents
In the selection of black tungsten, the recovery rate of associated resources is low, and the main loss of associated metals is in the re-election of tailings and various concentrates. The products contain high content; the amount of cyanide separated by sulfide ore is large, and the environmental pollution is large. The production cost is high; in the flotation of white tungsten sulfide ore, the separation of sulfide ore is difficult, the mutual content is high, and the overall recovery rate is low; in the white tungsten roughing operation, the amount of water glass is large, the cost of the medicament is large; and the tailings are caused at the same time. Difficulty in settling, difficult to use in returning water; poor selectivity of fatty acid collectors, poor resistance to low temperature, deterioration of production indicators in winter plant selection, and even the selection of plants in winter to stop production; in selected operations, heating flotation water glass consumption is large The energy consumption is large and the process is complicated; the consumption of water glass at room temperature flotation is also large. When the grade of coarse concentrate is too low, the qualified concentrate can not be produced; and when the temperature is low in winter, the production index is unstable. In the black and white tungsten roughing operation, the chelate collector agent is expensive, the amount of the medicament is large, and the cost of the medicament is high.
Thus, the high selectivity of sulfide ore collector Development and Application; efficient selective inhibitors has been a key scheelite fluorite, calcite, calcium apatite-based flotation separation of gangue minerals, not only greatly Reduced the amount of water glass, enhanced the selective inhibition of calcium-containing gangue minerals, and also possible ways to replace the traditional process of white tungsten extraction with "Pedlov method" by using normal temperature flotation Reduce the production cost of chelating collectors; develop and apply fatty acid collectors that are inexpensive, low temperature resistant, and selective. These will be an important basis for the promotion of new tungsten flotation technology, and one of the technical reserves that should be developed in the face of the development of lean, fine and miscellaneous tungsten ore resources.
6 Improve the selection of black tungsten
The selected operation is the key to the comprehensive recycling of the black tungsten ore dressing plant. The production technology management and technology development should be strengthened to improve the production process. In view of the current situation, it is considered to establish a centralized modern black tungsten selective plant in the three concentrated areas of black tungsten deposits in Zhangzhou, Shaoguan and Zhangzhou, and concentrate on the rough selection of tungsten wool to make the tungsten beneficiation process complete and improve the tungsten concentrate. Mine operation recovery rate, reducing production costs such as pharmaceuticals and labor intensity of workers.
7 Mineral processing wastewater treatment and reuse
Mineral processing wastewater is a major problem that needs to be solved in various mines for a long time. The implementation of mineral processing wastewater recycling is one of the important technical measures to solve this problem, and it is also a necessary prerequisite for realizing efficient and green comprehensive utilization of tungsten resources. Therefore, the research on the recycling technology of mineral processing wastewater is an urgent need for the clean production and comprehensive utilization of resources in the tungsten preparation plant.
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