In 1948, Shannon, the founder of modern information theory, published the "mathematical theory of communication", marking the founding of the discipline of information and coding theory. According to Shannon's theorem, there are two ways to reliably transmit signals in a channel with a fixed bandwidth and with noises: increasing the signal-to-noise ratio or adding an additional error correction code to the signal code. This laid the theoretical basis of modern communications technology.
The Internet of Things has shifted from a people-centered approach to a people-centered approach to creating a new industry in the face of massive connectivity needs. With the advent of the Internet of Things era, it is bound to change the traditional mode of communication, so the 5G era is coming soon.
[On the Huawei 5G standard story, you do not understand those technical significance]
This year in the field of communications, the most exciting thing may be the number of Huawei to break Qualcomm monopoly, won the short code standard 5G communications this matter. It is reported: US local time at 0:45 on November 17, at the just concluded 3GPP RAN1 87 meeting of the 5G short code program discussion, the Chinese company pushed the Polar Code (Polarization Code) program, pushed from the United States LDPC, the French main push Turbo2.0 stand out from the two competitors, as 5G control channel eMBB scene coding scheme, and LDPC code to become the data channel uplink and downlink short code program.
Allegedly, the discussion of the meeting was fierce and intense. Almost all the companies participated in it. In the eMBB scene coding scheme of 5G control channel, Huawei led the Chinese team against the U.S.-European coalition forces, and finally pulled 51 companies to sign the contract The 37 companies at LDPC are truly a hard-won, delightful victory.
The fight against 3G standards and the commercial process gave a profound lesson to Chinese people. The commercialization of WCDMA and CDMA2000 in the international market accelerated so that China's TD-SCDMA encountered many difficulties from the industrial chain to the market.
Some media commented that, TD-SCDMA is the first time China's communications technology to keep up with the world's pace. The development of TD-LTE technology, China's communications technology for the first time became one of the mainstream technologies in the world, but the core of the long code Turbo code and short code tail biting convolutional code, but not China's original technology.
Those who have the standard of the world
In the telecommunications industry, the top of the pyramid in the communications industry is not equipment manufacturing capability or commercial capability, but a standard. Having a voice in a communications standard in a country means that the country has the right to speak in the global communications industry and the industrial chain The first advantage, and coding and modulation known as the crown of communication technology, is also the core of communications technology, embodies the overall strength of a national communications science based theory.
Now, Huawei's Polar code eventually broke the ceiling. This is both a reward for China's careful study in the field of basic communications and a portrayal of China's overall strength in communications technology. Quite bluntly, the era of 5G Internet of things, its technology industry is a systematic project, is a manifestation of comprehensive national strength. After the promulgation of the prominent advantages of the state, the more obvious disadvantages, cultivate craftsmanship, restraint up and down flicker, put an end to impetuous people, the party is the way to success.
how about it? After reading the introduction and Huawei 5G standard this story, non-professionals basically forced to force it? What 3GPP, Polar Code, as well as our most talked about this year's Internet of Things NB-IOT and 5G and so on. In fact, I too, in order to completely clarify these terms plus concepts, I want to make up classes. As a result of the Internet of things, initially I just want to sort out about the NB-IOT problems, did not expect things bigger and bigger, you need to learn and understand too much, finally simply called Internet of Things , Finally sorted out these problems, I believe are engaged in the field of networking colleagues should grasp the basics. Some questions can be complex and need to be clearly understood; others are relatively simple, as long as you know the concepts. In short, no matter what is not clear to read it.
Things brother recently finishing the "Internet of Things Blue Book", because there are indeed a lot of knowledge to study and study carefully, the first extract of 10 we are more concerned about the basic concepts of it! These basic concepts are not clear, how mixed in the Internet of things industry ah?
Question 1, what is the Internet of Things communication technology?
Technically, the Internet of Things can be divided into three layers: the sensor layer, the communication layer and the application layer. In the communication layer, the data and information collected by the sensing layer need to be securely and reliably communicated and transmitted. The form of transmission is generally divided into wired transmission and wireless transmission.
Wireless communication refers to the use of electromagnetic wave signals in the characteristics of the spread of information for the exchange of a communication mode, including fixed wireless communication and mobile communications between two major parts.
As the Internet of Things is based on a variety of network convergence, its information node has the characteristics of extensive and mobility, so the mobile communication technology is very crucial for the development of the Internet of Things.
What we usually discuss is basically short-range wireless communication and mobile communication technology, which are the cornerstones of IoT communication technology.
Question 2, what is the short-range wireless communication technology? What are the technical characteristics?
In general, as long as both the transmitting and receiving parties transmit information by radio waves, the transmission range of a single hop is limited to a short distance (usually a few hundred meters as far as a few hundred meters as far as possible) and it can be called short-range wireless communication.
Technical characteristics of close-range wireless communication include: 1) wireless transmission power in the order of μW to 100 mW; 2) communication distance of several centimeters to several hundred meters; 3) omnidirectional antenna and board antenna; 4) Application scenarios, especially the frequency of resource scarcity; 5), do not need to apply for frequency resource license; 6), no center, ad hoc network; 7), battery-powered.
Question 3, the Internet of things more widely used near-distance wireless communications technology which?
Currently, the more widespread wireless communication technologies include wireless LAN (Wi-Fi), Bluetooth and infrared data transmission (IrDA). The potential wireless communication technologies include ZigBee, NFC, Ultra WideBand ), DECT and others.
Question 4, Internet of things what long-range wireless communication technology?
In the smart home, industrial data acquisition and other LAN communication scenarios generally use short-range communication technology, but for a wide range of long-distance connections require long-distance communication technology, the current global telecom operators have built a global coverage of mobile cellular networks. We are well-known 3G, 4G and upcoming commercial 5G are long-range wireless communications technology.
Question 5, what is a low-power wide area network LPWAN?
LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network), a low-power wide area network designed for IoT applications with low bandwidth, low power consumption, long distance, and high volume connectivity.
Although 2G, 3G, 4G and other cellular networks of current operators cover a wide range, the Internet of Things devices based on mobile cellular communication technologies have the disadvantages of high power consumption and high cost. The original design of mobile cellular communications technology is mainly used for human-to-human communications. Currently, the world is truly connected to the mobile cellular network of objects and things accounted for only 6% of the total number of connections. Such a low proportion mainly due to the current carrying capacity of mobile cellular networks is not enough to support the connection of objects and objects.
LPWAN technology is just to meet the needs of the Internet came into being long-range wireless communications technology.
Question 6, LPWA technology how to classify?
LPWA can be divided into two categories: one is LoRa, SigFox and other technologies that work on unlicensed spectrum;
The other is 2/3 / 4G cellular communication technologies supported by 3GPP, such as EC-GSM, LTE Cat-m and NB-IoT, which work under the licensed spectrum.
In addition to our well-known LoRa, SigFox LTE-M, EC-GSM and NB-IoT, there is much debate in this area as well, including NWave, OnRamp, Platanus, Telensa, Weightless, Amber Wireless and others.
Question 7, what is 3GPP?
3GPP (Third GeneraTIonPartnership Project, 3rd Generation Partnership Project) is a standardization organization established in December 1998.
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