(1) Sub-item engineering fees: refers to the various expenses that should be included in the sub-projects of each professional project.
1. Professional engineering: refers to housing construction and decoration engineering, antique construction engineering, general installation engineering, municipal engineering, landscaping engineering, mining engineering, structural engineering, urban rail transit engineering, blasting engineering, etc. according to the current national measurement standards. Class engineering.
2. Sub-item project: refers to the project divided into various professional projects according to the current national measurement norms. Such as earth and stone works, foundation treatment and pile foundation engineering, masonry engineering, steel bars and steel tear concrete engineering, which are divided into building construction and decoration engineering.
The division of some sub-projects of various professional projects can be found in the current national or industry measurement specifications.
(II) Measure project cost: refers to the cost of technology, life, safety and environmental protection before the construction of the project and the construction process. content include:
1. Safe and civilized construction fee (1) Environmental protection fee: refers to the various expenses required for the construction site to meet the requirements of the environmental protection department.
(2) Civilized construction fee: refers to the various expenses required by Shi Ding.
(3) Safety construction fee: refers to the various expenses required for safe construction on the construction site.
(4) Temporary facility fee: refers to the cost of temporary buildings, structures and other temporary facilities for the construction and construction of construction enterprises. Including the erection, maintenance, dismantling, cleaning fees or amortization fees of temporary facilities.
2. Night construction increase fee: refers to the night shift subsidy due to night construction, night construction reduction, night construction lighting equipment amortization and lighting power.
3. Secondary transportation fee: refers to the cost incurred by the second or multiple transportations of materials, components, semi-finished products, etc. that cannot be reached at the place of storage due to restrictions on the construction site.
4. Construction increase in winter rain period: refers to temporary facilities that need to be added during winter or rainy seasons, anti-skid, rain and snow removal, and reduced efficiency of labor and construction machinery.
5. Completed project and equipment protection fee: refers to the expenses incurred for the necessary protective measures taken on completed projects and equipment before completion of acceptance.
6. Project positioning retesting fee: refers to the cost of carrying out all construction surveying and re-testing work during the construction process.
7. Construction increase in special areas: refers to the increase in construction costs in special areas such as deserts or their marginal areas, high altitudes, alpine, and virgin forests.
8. Entry and exit of large-scale mechanical equipment and installation and dismantling fee: refers to the mechanical transportation or transfer cost and machinery of the machinery entering and exiting from the parking lot to the construction site or from one construction site to another. The labor, material, machinery, commissioning, and auxiliary facilities required for installation are required at the construction site for installation and disassembly.
9. Scaffolding engineering fee: refers to the amortization (or lease) cost of various scaffolding, disassembly, transportation costs and scaffolding purchase expenses required for construction.
The measures and their contents are detailed in the current national or industry measurement specifications for various professional projects.
(3) Other project fees include temporary amount, daily work, and general contracting service fees.
(4) Fees include social insurance premiums, housing provident fund, and project sewage charges.
(V) Taxes After the business tax is changed to the value-added tax, the construction and installation project fees no longer appear tax items. The tax on the cost of construction and installation works refers to the VAT output tax in the construction and installation cost of the accrued person in the national tax law; the urban maintenance and construction tax, the education surcharge and the local education surcharge are the management fees of the enterprise.
Box Guideway Machining Centers
Box guideway machining center also call hard rail machining center in China, it refers to a casting part where the guide rail and the bed are integrated, and then the guide rail is processed on the basis of the casting, which is a type of hard guide rail. The shape of the guide rail is cast on the bed, and then processed into a guide rail through quenching and grinding. The hard rail used in the hard rail machining center is generally a rectangular structure, commonly known as a rectangular guide rail or box guide rail. The Box way machining center machining center adopts sliding friction, which leads to a larger contact surface and high rigidity and strength. Therefore, the box guideway machining center is more suitable for heavy-duty cutting and is suitable for heavy-duty mold processing.
Advantages of box guideway Machining Centers:
1. Able to withstand larger loads, suitable for rough machining machines with large cutting amounts and large feed rates.
2. Due to the large contact area of the guide rail, the machine tool operates more smoothly, making it suitable for factories with high requirements for machine tool vibration.
Disadvantages of box guideway machining centers:
1. Shorter service life. Under the same maintenance and usage conditions, the service life of box guideways is generally shorter than linear guide machining center, because box guideways operate with sliding friction, while linear guide operate with rolling friction, resulting in greater wear and tear.
2. The repair cost is too high. The maintenance of box guideway machining center is much more difficult and costly than linear guideway machining center. If there is insufficient scraping allowance, it may involve disassembling all the large parts of the machine tool, performing quenching and mechanical processing again, and even more importantly, recasting the large parts. The wire gauge only needs to replace the corresponding linear guide, which will not greatly affect the use of related large parts.
3. The running speed of machine is low, and box guideways machining center usually cannot withstand too fast running speed due to their movement mode and the excessive friction they bear, which contradicts the current machining concept to a certain extent. Especially many factory workers do not have the corresponding maintenance knowledge for machine tools. Many times, they only know how to use the machine tool, but largely neglect the maintenance of the machine tool. The maintenance of the machine tool track is of utmost importance. Once the lubrication of the track is insufficient, it can cause the track to burn or wear excessively, which is fatal to the accuracy of the machine tool.
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Dongguan Liyang Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd , https://www.leyocncmachine.com